A bone marrow biopsyBone marrow biopsy A procedure to collect a sample of bone marrow using a needle. Often used to examine the characteristics of mast cells and diagnose SM. is often needed to diagnose systemic mastocytosis (SM). It involves taking a small sample of bone and marrow to check for abnormal mast cells.
While the procedure is generally safe and straightforward, it’s normal to have questions about what to expect afterward. Recovery is usually quick, but taking a few simple precautions can help minimize discomfort and reduce the risk of complications.
Expect some soreness
During the procedure itself, you’ll be given local anesthetic (and sometimes sedation). But once the local anesthetic wears off, mild pain or tenderness at the biopsy site is common and can linger for several days after the procedure.
Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen, can help ease discomfort, but be sure to follow your doctor’s recommendations about which medications and doses are safe to use. Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like aspirin and ibuprofen are symptom triggers in some people with SM.
Applying an ice pack to the area for up to 20 minutes a couple of times per day may also help relieve soreness.
Read more about SM testing and diagnosis
Protect the biopsy site
Keeping the biopsy site clean and dry is an essential part of recovery. It’s important not to get the dressing wet for 24 hours, so avoid showering or bathing during this time.
Don’t soak the area in a bathtub, hot tub or swimming pool until the site has healed and your healthcare team says it’s safe to do so.
If the bandage becomes wet, dirty or loose, replace it according to your provider’s guidance.
Take it easy for a couple of days
Most people can return to normal activities relatively quickly, but strenuous exercise, heavy lifting and vigorous physical activity should be avoided for the first day or two after a bone marrow biopsy.
If you received sedating medications during the procedure, you’ll need someone to drive you home afterwards. Follow instructions from your healthcare provider about when it is safe to return to work or other activities.
Know when to call your healthcare team
Complications from a bone marrow biopsy are uncommon, but it’s important to watch for signs that may require medical attention.
Contact your healthcare provider if you experience any of the following:
- Persistent bleeding.
- Worsening pain.
- Increasing redness or swelling.
- Drainage from the procedure site.
- Fever.
These symptoms could indicate infection or another complication that should be evaluated promptly.
Focus on recovery
For most people, recovery from a bone marrow biopsy is brief and uncomplicated. Following post-procedure instructions, monitoring the biopsy site and allowing the body time to heal can help ensure a smoother recovery and a quicker return to everyday activities.
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